Консервирование и пастеризация: вопрос — ответ
— В чем заключается принцип консервирования?
Продукты портятся под влиянием некоторых микроорганизмов и ферментов. Консервирование частично инактивирует или полностью разрушает эти ферменты, угнетает жизнедеятельность портящих еду микроорганизмов или полностью уничтожает их. Благодаря этому срок годности продукта значительно увеличивается.
— Что такое стерилизация?
Обработка продукта в герметически укупоренной стеклянной или жестяной таре. Стерилизацию проводят при температуре выше 100 °С (обычно 113 -120 °С) и под давлением, обычно в специальных avtoklav. Время выдержки зависит от типа продукта и объема тары. Этот способ убивает бактерии, разрушает многие ферменты, позволяет уничтожить даже термостойкие споры бактерий. Правильно проведенная стерилизация — один из самых надежных способов сохранять продукты годными в пищу месяцами и даже годами.
— Что такое пастеризация?
Продолжительное нагревание продукта при сравнительно небольшой температуре, обычно это 65-85 °С. Для пастеризации некоторых продуктов иногда достаточно нагрева до 60 °С, другие надо нагревать до 93 °С. При пастеризации погибают бактерии, но выживают их споры. Именно поэтому пастеризации подвергают еду, рассчитанную на не слишком длительное хранение, и хранить ее, обычно, рекомендуют в холоде.
Увеличить срок годности пастеризованных продуктов можно тендализацией — пастеризацией 2-3 раза через каждые 24 часа. Однако это снижает пищевую ценность продукта.
Интересный факт: название процесс пастеризации получил в честь своего изобретателя, выдающегося французского химика и микробиолога Луи Пастера.
Зачем закатывают стеклянные банки и герметично запаивают жестяные?
Чтобы предохранить продукты от доступа воздуха. Вместе с ним к блюду могут попасть вызывающие порчу бактерии: кроме того — и это основная причина — воздух вызывает окисление, что ускоряет порчу еды.
— Не вредна ли для здоровья железная консервная тара?
Нет, при условии, что тара используется качественная: из белой лакированной луженой и хромированной жести, без сколов и глубоких вмятин. Из некачественных банок в пищу могут переходить металлы и другие вредные для здоровья вещества. После вскрытия консервы ее содержимое, если вы не собираетесь съесть его за один прием пищи, лучше переложить в другую посуду, так как любая консервная банка начинает окисляться.
Обратите внимание: в нашем магазине продаются только качественные консервные банки от ведущих латвийских производителей.
Какие продукты подходят для консервирования?
Практически любые, просто для каждого вида продукта выбирают оптимально подходящие для его обработки температуру и способ консервирования. Консервации подлежат не только традиционно заготавливаемые мясо, рыба и овощи с фруктами, но также и морепродукты, водоросли (морская капуста и другие), каши. Во Франции и других странах можно встретить даже консервированную выпечку!
Из статей в этом разделе вы можете узнать о оригинальные способы консервирования различных продуктов, а в интернет-магазине — купить необходимые для консервирования банки, крышки, автоклавы и другое оборудование.
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